The charging pile motherboard is the core component of the charging pile. The following is a detailed explanation of it

Structural composition:

• Central processing unit: It is the "brain" of the charging station motherboard, responsible for decoding, controlling, and executing various instructions, realizing the calculation functions of the charging station, such as controlling and calculating charging current and voltage, as well as data processing when communicating with electric vehicles.

• Memory: Used to store instructions and data, providing an environment for program execution. During the charging process, temporarily store data and charging parameters exchanged between the charging station and the electric vehicle to ensure the normal operation of the charging program.

• Auxiliary memory: capable of storing a large amount of data for the charging station motherboard to operate stably for a long time. For example, it can store the historical charging records, fault information, etc. of the charging station, facilitating subsequent queries and analysis.

• Input/output interface: responsible for exchanging information between the charging station motherboard and external devices. Including connection interfaces with external devices such as charging guns, display screens, card readers, communication modules, etc., to achieve data input and output.

• Power module: Provides stable power supply for the charging station motherboard and the entire charging station system. Convert the input AC power into DC power suitable for use on the motherboard and other components, while ensuring voltage and current stability to prevent voltage fluctuations or excessive current from causing damage to the motherboard.

• Protocol conversion chip: This is a key component for achieving communication between different vehicle models. Due to the possible differences in communication protocols among different brands and models of electric vehicles, the protocol conversion chip can convert the communication signal from the charging station into a signal that can be recognized by the electric vehicle, ensuring a smooth charging process.

• Measurement chip: used to measure the amount of electricity during the charging process, in order to accurately calculate the charging cost. At the same time, it can also monitor the energy consumption during the charging process, providing data support for the operation and management of charging stations.

• Relay: It plays a role in controlling the on/off of the circuit. During the charging process, according to the instructions of the central processing unit, the relay will be activated or deactivated to control the on/off of the charging current and achieve control over the charging process. For example, when abnormal situations such as overvoltage and overcurrent occur, the relay will disconnect, stop charging, and protect the safety of electric vehicles and charging stations.

  
  

working principle:

• Connection confirmation and communication: When an electric vehicle is connected to a charging station, the charging pile motherboard detects the connection status of the charging interface through a sensor. After confirming the successful connection, the motherboard establishes communication with the electric vehicle to obtain battery information, such as battery type, capacity, current battery level, etc.

• Charging parameter setting: Based on the obtained information of the electric vehicle battery, the central processor of the charging station motherboard calculates the appropriate charging current, voltage and other parameters, and sends instructions to the power module and charging gun components to start charging.

• Real time monitoring and protection: During the charging process, the motherboard monitors the charging current, voltage, temperature and other parameters in real time through various sensors and monitoring circuits. If abnormal conditions are detected, such as overheating, overvoltage, overcurrent, leakage, etc., the motherboard will immediately send an alarm signal and control the relay to disconnect and stop charging to protect the safety of electric vehicles and users.

• Charging completion and completion: When the battery of the electric vehicle is fully charged or reaches the set charging conditions, the charging station motherboard will control the charging process to stop and provide power-off protection. At the same time, the motherboard will record charging data, including charging time, battery level, cost, and other information, for users to query and operators to manage.

  
  

Functional features:

• Intelligent charging management: It can automatically adjust charging parameters based on the battery status and needs of electric vehicles, achieve precise charging management of batteries, and extend battery life. For example, when the battery level is low, a larger current can be used for fast charging; When the battery level approaches full, it automatically reduces the charging current to avoid overcharging.

• Diversified payment functions: Supports multiple payment methods, such as card swiping and QR code scanning, providing users with a convenient payment experience.

• Remote monitoring and upgrade: Equipped with a remote monitoring system, operators can monitor the status, operation, and data statistics of charging stations in real time through the network, and promptly detect and handle faults. At the same time, the software and parameters of the charging station can be remotely upgraded to ensure that the charging station is always in the latest state and provide better charging services.

• Fault self check and alarm: It has a fault self check function, which can automatically detect hardware and software faults of the charging pile, and send alarm information to users and operators through indicator lights, display screens, or communication modules, facilitating timely maintenance.

• Data recording and analysis: It can record various data during the charging process, such as charging time, power consumption, cost, etc., and analyze these data to provide operators with charging behavior analysis, energy consumption statistics, and other information, helping operators optimize the layout and management of charging piles.

  
  

Performance requirements:

• Anti interference capability: The charging station motherboard will be subject to various external interferences during operation, such as electromagnetic interference, power noise, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to have anti-interference ability by adopting shielding design, filtering circuit and other measures to reduce the impact of external interference on the motherboard and ensure its stable operation.

• Environmental adaptability: Able to work normally under different environmental conditions, including withstanding certain voltage and current fluctuations, adapting to different temperature and humidity environments, and possessing certain corrosion resistance and durability to ensure normal operation even in harsh environments.

• Reliability: It needs to be able to operate stably for a long time without frequent failures. This requires strict testing and verification of the motherboard during the design and production process to ensure its stable operation in various situations. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly maintain and update the hardware and software of the motherboard to ensure its performance continues to improve.

  
  

Differences in motherboards of different types of charging stations:

• AC  charging pile motherboard: AC charging stations mainly provide AC power for electric vehicles, and their motherboards are relatively simple and have low power. The main function is to convert the AC power of the power grid into AC power suitable for charging electric vehicles, and to control and monitor the charging process. The main board of an AC charging station usually has protection functions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and leakage, as well as metering and communication functions.

• DC charging station motherboard: DC charging stations can convert AC power from the power grid into DC power, directly charging the batteries of electric vehicles with fast charging speed. The technical requirements for the main board of a DC charging station are higher, requiring stronger power conversion and control capabilities. Meanwhile, due to the high current and voltage of DC charging, the heat dissipation design of the motherboard is also more important.